KRITHI

22/8/2021                   മോഡേണ്‍ ടൈംസ്                                          പി.കെ. സുരേന്ദ്രന്‍ ചാര്‍ളി ചാപ്ലിന്‍ തന്റെ ഇതിഹാസതുല്യനായ ട്രാംപ്‌  (The Tramp) എന്ന കഥാപാത്രത്തെ അവസാനമായി അവതരിപ്പിച്ച സിനിമയാണ്   Modern Times (1936) .  ചാപ്ലിന്‍ സിനിമകളില്‍ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ശബ്ദം ആദ്യമായി കേള്‍ക്കുന്നതും ഈ സിനിമയിലാണ്. ട്രാംപ്‌ (ചാപ്ലിന്‍)   ഒരു ഫാക്ടറി തൊഴിലാളിയാണ്.  കണ്‍വേയ ർ   ബെൽറ്റിന്   മുകളിലൂടെ   വരിപിടിച്ച്   നീങ്ങിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന നട്ടും ബോൾട്ടും   ഇരുകൈകളിലുമുള്ള സ്പാനർ   ഉപയോഗിച്ച്   ചാപ്ലിന്‍  മുറുക്കിക്കൊണ്ടിരിക്കുകയാണ് .  ഒരു   പ്രത്യേക   താള ക്രമത്തിലാണ്   ചാപ്ലിന്റെ  ചലനങ്ങൾ .   പുറത്ത്   വന്നതിനു    ശേഷവും ഇരു   കൈകളിലും   സ്പാനറുകൾ   ഉണ്ടെന്ന   സങ്കൽപ്പത്തി...

Dalits of Dakshin - the lowest among the lowest Caste is a living reality in India. People are stripped, paraded naked, made to eat their own  waste, killed in the task of sewage cleaning, gang raped and murdered by the virtue of the belief that  people born in lower castes are destined to this fate and have no agency of their own lives, bodies and  work. They are not allowed to speak, to mourn over the death of their loved ones, to speak of the  discrimination they face, to educate, to organise, to agitate and take what is rightfully theirs. Especially  women have been victimized in many ways in almost all times and places.  The Black feminist writer Alice Walker and Dalit feminist writer Bama demonstrate through their  novels how the material realities of both groups of women can lead the women to raise their strong voices against the intersectional oppression of race/caste and gender. All the different groups of women  in the world ...

The movie-Hoysala and Chalukyan Architecture in Karnataka, filmed by T.S.Nagabharana  is an eye-feast which calls the grand Indian legacy to our minds. The Hoysala Dynasty founded by Nripakama-I governed Karnataka from 1026 CE to 1343 CE. Veera Ballala-II established Hoysala as a politically and economically  dominant regime across South India. From then,there was no looking back for the hitherto subservient Dynasty. The grandeur of Dvarasamudra,the Capital of the Hoysala's was so enticing that even Alauddin Khilji cast an evil eye upon the city and left it in ruins.            Architecture had always been the strong suit of the Hoysalas. These cheftains-turned- rulers were primarily vassals under the  Chalukyan Empire. Most of their sculpting designs were modelled upon the Chalukyan Architecture. The sanctuaries built in Trikuta Style accompanied by immense Nandi Mandapa and Madanika can be reckoned as the specialitie...

Lord Krishna in the Sanathanadharma  of Srimad Bhagavatgita  gives us an insight into the genesis and purpose of Caste System. Sri Krishna unveils the fact that Chaturvarnya or the division based on Varna was created by him on the basis of an individual's Guna and Karma ,not  on Jati. The four varnas are named-Brahmins,Kshatriyas,Vaishyas and Shudras. Albeit being the creator of this system,he admits that it is not in his power to nullify this stratification. A person's capability rather than his birth decides his position in the Varna Vyavastha.       चातुर्वर्ण्य मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।      तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद् ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ।।   Ambedkar deconstructs this term चातुर्वर्ण्य in the later part of his Annihilation of Caste . To contextualize the entire scenario,we have to step back in time to 1895-the year in which Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswathi. This sect of Hindu reformers whose basic te...